Today, the United States remains heavily dependent on global supply chains for semiconductors, particularly from Taiwan, South Korea, and China. While the U.S. has some players in the chip industry, only Intel is currently manufacturing leading-edge chips domestically. This lack of redundancy leaves the nation vulnerable.
If a supply chain disruption occurs—due to geopolitics, trade disputes, or natural disasters—American industries ranging from automotive to defense could face massive shutdowns. The COVID-19 pandemic offered a preview of this crisis. Car manufacturers, electronics companies, and even healthcare suppliers struggled as imported chip supplies dried up.
Cohn believes that the pandemic should have been a wake-up call. “We understood that without chips being imported to the United States, our economy, our manufacturing economy [would] shut down,” he explained.
The urgency of this issue became even more apparent when Nvidia announced a $5 billion investment in Intel. This partnership involves co-designing chips for data centers and personal computers, potentially giving Intel a much-needed boost after losing ground in the global chip race.
This investment also makes Nvidia one of Intel’s largest shareholders, signaling Big Tech’s confidence in Intel’s turnaround. But while the deal may help Intel compete, Cohn cautions that it does not solve the bigger problem. America still lacks a strong, diversified chip manufacturing infrastructure.
“In reality, Intel is the only U.S. company producing top-tier chips right now,” Cohn noted. “That’s it. No backup.”
Recognizing this vulnerability, the U.S. government has launched several initiatives to bring semiconductor manufacturing back home. In late August, the federal government invested $8.9 billion in Intel, taking a 9.9% ownership stake. The funding aims to support domestic production capacity and make the U.S. less reliant on Asia.
The CHIPS and Science Act, signed into law by President Biden in 2022, is another major step. The legislation provides billions of dollars in subsidies and tax incentives for companies that build chip factories in the U.S. The goal is to re-establish America as a semiconductor leader and secure supply chains critical for national defense and technological advancement.
Still, Cohn emphasizes that government policies should not favor just one company. “To be able to defend ourselves, to be able to build military equipment, we need to be in the chip manufacturing business here,” he said. “The government should create an environment for the entire industry, not pick winners and losers.”
Beyond national security, chips are also central to the AI revolution. Nvidia, IBM, Microsoft, Google, and OpenAI are racing to build advanced systems capable of powering next-generation artificial intelligence tools.
Cohn highlighted that AI adoption will require a wave of massive data centers—many of which don’t yet exist. He predicts it could take three to five years for this infrastructure to be fully developed. Until then, the demand for chips will only grow, making supply even more critical.
The recent Tech Prosperity Deal, a $42 billion partnership between the U.S. and UK, underscores this trend. It is expected to boost AI chip demand in the UK while further integrating transatlantic cooperation in emerging technologies.
IBM, where Cohn now serves as Vice Chairman, is already preparing for the next evolution of artificial intelligence. He explained that while today’s AI tools—like chatbots and AI agents—tend to solve very specific problems, the future lies in interconnected AI systems working together at an enterprise level.
“Where I believe this is going, where IBM believes this is going, is to an enterprise-wide solution where all of these AI programs will work together,” he said.
Quantum computing, in IBM’s view, will play a key role in powering these systems. The convergence of AI, quantum technology, and advanced semiconductors could unlock unprecedented opportunities—but only if the U.S. builds the infrastructure to support it.
Cohn’s comments are not just about economics—they touch the heart of national resilience. Chips are essential not only for consumer electronics and cars but also for defense systems, telecommunications, healthcare devices, and the AI-driven industries of tomorrow.
If the U.S. continues to outsource chip production, it risks falling behind in both technology leadership and national security. The path forward requires a blend of government support, private sector investment, and collaboration with allies—without neglecting the need to strengthen domestic capabilities.
The message is clear: the semiconductor shortage during COVID-19 was just a warning. The real challenge lies ahead as AI, defense, and digital economies place even greater strain on chip supply. While partnerships like Nvidia–Intel and policies like the CHIPS Act are steps in the right direction, the U.S. must go much further.
As Gary Cohn put it, America cannot afford to wait. Chips are the foundation of the future—and whoever controls them will control the pace of global innovation.
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